Quality Of Service Mechanisms Research Articles

Configuring and Coordinating End-to-end QoS for Emerging Storage Infrastructure

Modern data center storage systems are invariably networked to allow for consolidation and flexible management of storage. They also include high-performance storage devices based on flash or other emerging technologies, generally accessed through low-latency and high-throughput protocols such as Non-volatile Memory Express (NVMe) (or its derivatives) carried over the network. With the increasing complexity and data-centric nature of the applications, properly configuring the quality of service (QoS) for the storage path has become crucial for ensuring the desired application performance. Such QoS is substantially influenced by the QoS in the network path, in the access protocol, and in the storage device. In this article, we define a new transport-level QoS mechanism for the network segment and demonstrate how it can augment and coordinate with the access-level QoS mechanism defined for NVMe, and a similar QoS mechanism configured in the device. We show that the transport QoS mechanism not only provides the desired QoS to different classes of storage accesses but is also able to protect the access to the shared persistent memory devices located along with the storage but requiring much lower latency than storage. We demonstrate that a proper coordinated configuration of the three QoS’s on the path is crucial to achieve the desired differentiation, depending on where the bottlenecks appear.

Unlocking QoS Potential: Integrating IoT services and Monte Carlo Control for heterogeneous IoT device management in gateways

The exponential surge in IoT devices has presented significant challenges in managing network traffic and maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) in IoT networks. To tackle these challenges, ongoing efforts are focused on developing innovative solutions that leverage advanced traffic management techniques, robust QoS mechanisms, and enhanced security protocols. Addressing these obstacles is crucial for the continued growth and success of the IoT system, enabling seamless integration of smart devices and revolutionizing multiple industries and sectors by providing unparalleled connectivity and intelligence. This article proposes an innovative approach to enhance the management of heterogeneous IoT devices and ensure Quality of Service (QoS) in IoT networks. Integrating device categories into the QoS policy aims to optimize overall performance while addressing the diverse QoS requirements of different device categories. The benefits of considering device categories include tailored resource allocation, improved user satisfaction, customized QoS handling, and scalability. The proposed approach utilizes the Monte Carlo Control algorithm to learn an optimal QoS policy through simulations of traffic scenarios. Our paper highlights Monte Carlo Control’s (MCC) rapid learning in diverse IoT settings, peaking at 50 episodes, compared to Q-learning’s 100 episodes and dynamic programming’s 200 episodes. Specifically, in audio IoT, MCC achieved 730 packets/second throughput with a 50 ms delay, outperforming QL (723 packets/second, 134 ms) and DP (700 packets/second, 171 ms). These results underscore MCC’s vital role in elevating IoT Quality of Service, making it pivotal for system performance and user experience optimization.

The IP QoS System

This paper shortly describes the IP QoS System which offers strict quality of service (QoS) guarantees in IP-based networks and supports a number of, so called, classes of services. Such solution requires to implement in the network a set of QoS mechanisms and algorithm working on packet, connection request and provisioning levels. Furthermore, we require signaling system for informing the network about new connection request and network resource allocation capabilities for providing required resources to given connection. The IP QoS System is based on the next generation networks (NGN) and differentiated services (DiffServ) architectures and, at least for now, it is designed for single domain only.

Session Initiation Protocol Proxy in a Role of a Quality of Service Control Application in Software-Defined Networks

This article deals with quality of service (QoS) in internet protocol (IP) telephony by applying software-defined networking (SDN) tools. The authors develop a new design that deterministically classifies real-time protocol (RTP) streams based on data found in session initiation protocol (SIP) using SIP proxy as a mediator, and the concept making this possible is called SDN. Compared to traditional networks, SDN allows us to approach network configuration differently. SDN networks are programmable through software applications running on top of the SDN controller. One of the technologies that might benefit from this concept is IP telephony, which often needs an additional priority management configuration to ensure consistent quality of its real-time media exchange. Typically, a session protocol for real-time communications is SIP, and as such, its infrastructure may be used to classify the traffic in question and take advantage of the centralized approach of SDN networks to distribute the class information across the switching devices. Different approaches and possible applications are discussed in the conclusion. The contribution of this paper lies in the proposal of SDN-based QoS mechanisms. The entire design of the concept was implemented and validated in a laboratory environment. The results clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

An Enhanced Interface Selectivity Technique to Improve the QoS for the Multi-homed Node

The user’s handoff is still an arguable issue that many mobile communication systems face, especially with the exploded growth of users and internet-based applications. There is a critical need for adequate quality of service (QoS) to meet the stringent requirements. This paper aims to study the overall performance and feasibility of several QoS mechanisms with the single-homed and multi-homed networks/nodes fluctuating resource availability. It investigates the adaptability of multi-interfaced multi-homed techniques to enhance the essential governing parameters, i.e., throughput, end-to-end latency, processing time, and jitter. Moreover, the paper introduces an interface selectivity technique for the multi-homed node to adopt the optimal interface, which offers the best services to explore the enhancements of the overall network performance. The overall results show how the introduced mechanism managed to keep the communication going on the multi-homed node. Furthermore, the results show that site multi-homing provides a better overall end-to-end latency over host multi-homing as it supports the entire network.

A Comparative Investigation on Different QoS Mechanisms in Multi-Homed Networks

The current wireless communication system in Iraq faces several challenges during users’ handoff, especially with the fast growth of users and demands. This is also a global issue; therefore, quality of service (QoS) measures have rapidly become more important and developed over the years. The complexity of communication between diverse applications and underlying QoS architectures leads to these deployment problems, which decreases the utility of QoS provisioning. This paper studies different QoS aggregation mechanisms in order to improve the overall operational efficiency of the multi-homed node. The main QoS mechanisms, i.e., IntServ, DiffServ, best-effort, and IntServ-DiffServ were investigated and compared thoroughly. Furthermore, it focuses on the multi-homed network that aims to develop a scalable system with better performance, reliability, and optimized communication networks. In this paper, multi-homed network enhancements are carried out with the comparable site and host multi-homing. The results show how the IntServ-DiffServ has achieved the best overall performance compared to the other mechanisms as it combines the advantages of the IntServ and DiffServ mechanisms. Another important finding was that the multi-homing managed to keep the communication going on the multi-homed node, whereas the site-multi-homing gave a better overall end-to-end latency over the host-multi-homing.

Evolutionary model to guarantee quality of service for tactical worldwide interoperability for microwave access networks

The smart phone industries evolution had made the growth in wireless communication. The increase in social media usage led to huge increase of network traffic as sharing of data for multimedia like video conferencing, and voice over internet protocol (VoIP). Majority of services like this requires network resources and real-time strict quality of service (QoS). However high cost of network deployment is included. All the major service providers are currently being adopted to the WiMAX 802.16 network. Therefore, the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) network must have different supply policies and QoS for various applications. The implementation of these QoS policies was not provided by WiMAX for various needs of application. Recently development of various scheduling mechanism for QoS provisioning has been made. However, users improper synchronization made these models inefficient. To address this, uplink scheduling with feedback is considered to provision QoS. However, it induces delay in accessing slots, as result the bandwidth is wasted. To utilize bandwidth efficiently evolutionary computing is adopted by various existing model. However, these models induce computation overhead and may not be suitable for provisioning real-time services. The evolutionary computing model is used to compute ideal threshold.

A Study of LTE-V2X Mode 4 Performances in a Multiapplication Context

With the growing importance of cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS), 3GPP has standardized LTE-V2X (Long Term Evolution - Vehicle-to-everything) in Release 14 to address specifically vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity. This standard introduces a mode 4 in which vehicles allocate radio resources autonomously without cellular infrastructure support for direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. However, as LTE-V2X is a recent technology (compared to WAVE and ITS-G5), it is not sufficiently evaluated in the literature. In this work, we propose an evaluation of LTE-V2X mode 4 performances considering the impact of the sensing-based resource allocation mechanism parameters, the traffic load and the Quality of service (QoS) mechanism. In addition, we propose a comparative study of LTE-V2X mode 4 with ITS-G5. Based on several simulation scenarios from 3GPP, we prove that the Sensing-based SPS mechanism parameters and the traffic load significantly impact on the performance offered by LTE-V2X. In addition, we show that the QoS mechanism of LTE-V2X outperforms the ITS-G5 one in realistic multi-application context.

Quality of service performances of video and voice transmission in universal mobile telecommunications system network based on OPNET

The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) has distinct benefits in that it supports a wide range of quality of service (QoS) criteria that users require in order to fulfill their requirements. The transmission of video and audio in real-time applications places a high demand on the cellular network, therefore QoS is a major problem in these applications. The ability to provide QoS in the UMTS backbone network necessitates an active QoS mechanism in order to maintain the necessary level of convenience on UMTS networks. For UMTS networks, investigation models for end-to-end QoS, total transmitted and received data, packet loss, and throughput providing techniques are run and assessed and the simulation results are examined. According to the results, appropriate QoS adaption allows for specific voice and video transmission. Finally, by analyzing existing QoS parameters, the QoS performance of 4G/UMTS networks may be improved.

Admission control mechanism for quality of service and security in H.323 voice gateway

AbstractThe rapid demand on the VOIP communication lead to the increase of the development of information security and the offered quality. Therefore, information technology has increased the deepening and developing of call admission control (CAC). In which, admission decisions and resource reservations are taken at the edge voice gateway, rather than resources or individual routers within the network. This means that, CAC decision is made before a voice call is established and it depends on the availability of the required call resources to provide suitable quality of service (QoS) for the new call. In this article, a new model for voice network, in order to achieve QoS along with security, is proposed. In the proposed model, the admission control decision is taken place at H.323 voice gateways using resource reservation protocol. It is shown that the admission control decision should be taken at edge H.323 voice gateways. This will lead to provide the accepted security for both, source and destination nodes which were previously authenticated through the identity services engine. It is concluded from the simulation results that the packet loss rate of call flows after implementing the mechanism is almost 0%. In addition, there is no jitter although there is some delay for packet delivery “Latency.” The latency observed by the proposed model is still accepted according to the ITU G.114 standard which recommends a maximum of a 150 ms one‐way latency. All results are tested in GNS3 based simulation to evaluate the performance of voice gateway based upon CAC.

A dynamic power control scheme based on node priority in V2X

V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) is aimed to provide efficient data sharing among communication nodes in traffics. In order to guarantee the quality of communication, V2X need to support node priority as one of QoS (Quality of Service) mechanisms, which is related to nodes’ different requirement of message dissemination. Therefore, a dynamic power control scheme based on node priority for V2X is proposed. By assigning distinct power adjustment range for each level of node priority and incorporate distribution of neighbouring nodes’ priority into power setting, it’s able to achieve flexible power control and differentiated communication performance. The performance of proposed scheme is testified through network simulation.

Towards an Efficient Resource Allocation based on Software-Defined Networking approach

Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in a converged network is a particularly difficult and yet extremely important task. With the coexistence of different types of services, it is challenging to manage and guarantee a good level of performance through manual customization of QoS policies. The Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm can manage the QoS policies and network resources in an automatic and dynamic way through a controller. SDN orchestrates the equipment that supports the OpenFlow protocol. The Hybrid SDN approach provides the ability to manage SDN and legacy equipment. This paper introduces a new intelligent and flexible QoS management model based on the principle of SDN called “Efficient Resource Allocation” (ERA). Experiment comparisons between different QoS mechanisms demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model by minimizing delay, latency, jitter, and reducing loss rate.

Enabling Quality of Service Provision in Omni‐Path Switches

The increasing demand of high-performance services has motivated the need of the 1 exaflop supercomputing performance. In systems providing such computing capacity, the interconnection network is likely the cornerstone due to the fact that it may become the bottleneck of the system degrading the performance of the entire system. In order to increase the network performance, several improvements have been introduced such as new architectures. Intel © Omni-Path architecture (OPA) is an example of the constant development of high-performance interconnection networks, which has not been largely studied because it is a recent technology and the lack of public available information. Another important aspect of all interconnect network technologies is the Quality of Service (QoS) support to applications. In this article, we present an OPA simulation model and some implementation details as well as our simulation tool OPASim. We also review the QoS mechanisms provided by the OPA architecture and present the table-based output scheduling algorithm simple bandwidth table.

Dynamic quality of service for different flow types in SDN networks

The structure of the internet makes it difficult to implement Quality of Service (QoS) in different flows generated by many different applications with different demands. One of the challenges is the lack of technical knowledge and the difficulty of configuring network equipment with many proprietary technologies. Software Defined Networks (SDN) is a good alternative to mitigate these problems. However, SDN technology itself still suffers from the limitation of solid QoS mechanisms, especially considering flows classified as elephant (large data volume), cheetah (high throughput) and alpha (large bursts). Aiming to fill this gap, this work proposes a new SDN service, called QoS-Flux, that receives network information from the data plane to apply different QoS algorithms and filters to dynamically deal with different flows. Experimental results show that QoS-Flux significantly improves the QoS metrics of delay, jitter, packet loss, and bandwidth in a SDN.

A Hybrid Addition Chaining Based Light Weight Security Mechanism for Enhancing Quality of Service in IoT

IoT in Wireless Sensor Networkis a network of physical objects connected to internet such as RFID and sensors. As these types of objects have limited computation power and memory, execution of public key cryptography would be a daunting task. So a light weight encryption with Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is proposed in this work. A major issue in ECC is its computational cost as it is complicated to compute the scalar multiplication. To address this issue, a novel method called graph based addition chaining (GBAC) is proposed. This graph technique produces all possible optimum addition chains for the given integer n by utilizing edge weight of all possible numbers created from each number of addition chain. This addition chain technique can be used in modular exponentiation which is an essential step in the implementation of public cryptographic algorithms like ElGamal, RSA, etc., so that the time for encryption and decryption for these algorithms can be reduced drastically. The proposed GBAC technique has used addition chaining technique instead of scalar multiplication in ECC which greatly reduces the computation time as well as computation cost. It also reduces the complexity in ECC. Numerous experiments has been made and proved that our work decreases the decryption time by at least 10% than RSA algorithm, reduces computation cost and improves the performance of parameters like CPU time, Memory requirement and key preparation time and better than RSA in decryption.

QoS integrated energy aware routing for wireless sensor networks

Quality of service (QoS) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has got limited attention due to multiple bottlenecks such as limited bandwidth and energy storage. Until now, most of the focus has been to develop energy efficient routing schemes for WSN. It is important to provide effective QoS mechanism along with energy efficient data transmission. In this work, QoS mechanism is incorporated inside energy aware routing protocol proposed in Shah and Rabaey (2002). This new integrated protocol achieves dual goal of energy efficient data transmission and effective QoS functionalities. Empirical results are demonstrated on NS3 simulator. The proposed approach is compared against existing state of the art technique. The proposed approach outperforms the existing state of the art technique in prolonging the network lifetime.

A GPS-Free Flocking Model for Aerial Mesh Deployments in Disaster-Recovery Scenarios

In the aftermath of a large-scale emergency, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can play a key role as mobile communication systems supporting rescue operations on the ground. At the same time, the deployment of autonomous UAV swarms still poses severe challenges in terms of distributed mobility, swarm connectivity and mesh networking. To this purpose, we propose ELAPSE (aErial LocAl Positioning System for Emergency), a novel, distributed framework for aerial mesh deployment that supports discovery and multi-hop connectivity among rescue personnel and emergency requesters. ELAPSE integrates components of swarm mobility, positioning and Quality-of-Service (QoS) support, while targeting UAV devices at different levels of hardware complexity. Three contributions are provided in this study. First, we present a novel, bio-inspired swarm mobility algorithm which natively addresses QoS-based aerial mesh connectivity, coverage of the ground nodes and UAV collision avoidance through the abstraction of virtual springs. Second, we investigates its implementation when geo-location capabilities are not available: to this aim, we propose local-based and cooperative-based techniques through which each UAV can estimate the position of its neighbours, and hence correctly adjust its direction and speed. Third, we analyze the feasibility of the ELAPSE framework through a twofold evaluation: i.e. a large-scale OMNeT++ simulation showing the effectiveness of the distributed mesh formation and localization techniques, and a small-case ground robotic testbed demonstrating the impact of QoS mechanisms on the system operations.

QoS mechanisms for MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks: a survey

With the rapid development in ubiquitous smart sensors, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have started to evolve into numerous applications including healthcare, military, agriculture, transportation, industry, internet of things (IOT), and smart cities. However, satisfying quality of service (QoS) requirements of various application domains remains a challenging issue due to the heterogeneous traffic flows, dynamic network conditions, and resource-constrained nature of sensor nodes. In this regard, application-specific QoS provisioning techniques have received considerable research attention at the medium access control (MAC) layer. This study presents a systematic review of the QoS mechanisms employed at the MAC layer in WSN and also highlights their open research issues. In addition, the survey presents a comparative analysis of various QoS-aware MAC protocols with emphasis on their strengths and limitations. Finally, this survey discusses various potential directions for future research in the field of QoS provisioning at the MAC layer.

Self-Adaptive QoS Management of Computation and Communication Resources in Many-Core SoCs

Providing quality of service (QoS) for many-core systems with dynamic application admission is challenging due to the high amount of resources to manage and the unpredictability of computation and communication events. Related works propose a self-adaptive QoS mechanism concerned either in communication or computation resources, lacking, however, a comprehensive QoS management of both. Assuming a many-core system with QoS monitoring, runtime circuit-switching establishment, task migration, and a soft real-time task scheduler, this work fills this gap by proposing a novel self-adaptive QoS management. The contribution of this proposal comes with the following features in the QoS management: ( i ) comprehensiveness, by covering communication and computation resources; ( ii ) online, adopting the ODA (Observe, Decide, Act) runtime closed-loop adaptation; and ( iii ) reactive and proactive decisions, by using a dynamic application profile extraction technique, which enables the QoS management to be aware of the profile of running applications, allowing it to take proactive decisions based on a prediction analysis. The proposed QoS management adopts a decentralized organization by partitioning the system in clusters, each one managed by a dedicated processor, making the proposal scalable. Results show that the proactive feature accurately extracts the applications’ profile, and can prevent future QoS violations. The synergy of reactive and proactive decisions was able to sustain QoS, reducing the deadline miss rate by 99.5% with a severe disturbance in communication and computation levels, and avoiding deadline misses up to 70% of system utilization.

Integrated Ant Colony and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Meta Heuristic Mechanism for Quality of Service Based Web Service Composition

Integrated Ant Colony and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Meta Heuristic Mechanism for Quality of Service Based Web Service Composition